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Stream Redirection and Standard "File" Descriptors

  • > directs output
  • >> appends output
  • < directs input
  • <<TAG inline input, aka HERE file
  • TAG (cont.)
  • 0 stdin = default input
  • 1 stdout = default output
  • 2 stderr = default error ouput
  • &num Used to reference "file" descriptors
  • e.g.
  • >file means send output to file.
  • <file means get input from file.
  • 2>&1 means send output from file descriptor 2 (stderr) to the same
  • place as descriptor 1.

    Notes: